Reference No: IC/UNDP/REDD+/119/2014
Country: Indonesia
Description of the assignment: Gender Mainstreaming
Advisor for REDD+ (National, 1 post)
Project name: REDD+
Period of assignment/services (if applicable): October
– December 2014
Closing date: 9 September 2014
BACKGROUND
Gender in Indonesia’s development
Gender is a key indicator of societal equity and human
rights. Whilst governments around the world are obliged by national and
international law to pursue gender equity, it also faces several important
challenges, in the wider context of ongoing development. Institutionalized discrimination-
such as discriminatory laws- remains a problem that has been exacerbated by
decentralization.
Indonesia faces many similar challenges. Representation of
women in the legislature increased from 11.8% in 2004 to 18% in 2009, but is
clearly still inadequate to ensure adequate expression of women’s needs and
opinions. Women are less likely than men to be engaged in paid employment and
more likely than men to be undertaking vulnerable forms of employment, such as
in informal sectors with low wages and insecurity- particularly in agriculture
and domestic work.
Gender is deeply entrenched in environmental rights of
control, access and responsibility. Poor, rural women in developing countries
are generally considered to be the most vulnerable to climate change due to
social and cultural norms surrounding the gendered division of labour, physical
mobility and access to decision-making. However,
Women have much greater responsibility in terms of family
and household care which, in rural areas, translates into a high dependence
upon the services provided by forests. Access to these services is threatened
not only by climate change but by the lack of good land governance in relation
to LULUCF (Land Use and Land Use Change Forestry) sources.
The forestry sector in particular has been a significant
stronghold of gender inequity in Indonesia. Women’s representation in forestry
governing bodies is low, and overall they tend to have lower educational
qualifications and skills than men, and less knowledge and self-confidence on
issues perceived as ‘technical’, like climate change. However, it is crucial
not to view women as victims. Women are also the first line of defense
against the effects of climate change. Their knowledge and experience can make
REDD+ and sustainable forest management activities and strategies at all levels
more successful.
Despite the ongoing gender issues in the country, Indonesia
has made significant progress in gender mainstreaming. In so doing, it has also
raised the awareness of those designing and implementing development
interventions of the value of taking a gender perspective within needs,
priorities, methodologies and outcomes.
The normative framework for gender equality in Indonesia is
rooted in the 1945 Constitution, as well as international agreements to which
Indonesia is party, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
Commitments to gender equity are also evident in several specific policies and
regulations, such as Presidential Instruction No. 9/2000 on Gender
Mainstreaming in the Development Planning Process. Gender is one of the
cross-cutting issues in the 2010-2014 National Medium-Term Development Plan,
alongside good governance and sustainable development. Institutions such as the
Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, the National Commission
on Violence against Women, and a host of NGOs campaigning on women’s issues,
are key actors in driving forward the agenda of gender equity and human rights
within the country.
Whilst the primary rationale for gender mainstreaming lies
in a human rights-based approach to development, a secondary motivation can be
found in evidence demonstrating that meaningful engagement by women can improve
the effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of development interventions .
Indonesia’s REDD+ initiative:
Indonesia is the third largest emitter of carbon dioxide
(CO2), and the world’s largest emitter from agriculture, forestry and other
land use. In 2009, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono made a voluntary
commitment to reduce total emissions by 26 percent under a business-as-usual
scenario or 41 percent with international support by 2020. Issued pursuant to
this commitment, the National Action Plan for the Reduction of Green-house Gas
Emissions (RAN-GRK) estimates that 87 percent of the emission-reduction target
must be achieved within the forestry and peat land sectors. The Government
intends to achieve this target whilst maintaining a 7% economic growth rate.
The Government of Indonesia has committed to REDD+, as part
of its strategy to meet the 26/7 or 41/7 target. REDD+ is an effort to create a
financial value for the carbon stored in forests, offering incentives for
forested countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in
low-carbon paths to sustainable development.
REDD+ in Indonesia is conceived as ‘Beyond Carbon’, as its
implementation is anticipated to have multiplier effects in terms of improved
transparency, accountability and responsiveness in governance; poverty
alleviation; reduced land-related conflicts; more resilient ecosystems; and
alternative sustainable livelihood options. Through REDD+, the intention is to
reverse a history of centralized resource exploitation and transition to
instead work towards a low-carbon, ‘green’ economy.
On 26 May 2010 the Governments of Indonesia and Norway
signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) that established a REDD+ partnership, whereby
Norway committed a US$1bn grant based on a ‘payment for performance’
modality in reducing emissions from forest and peat land areas. A REDD+ Task
Force was established for delivering objectives within the first phase of the
partnership and, between 2010 and the end of its mandate in June 2013, achieved
several important objectives, including:
•
REDD+ National Strategy (Stranas) and Provincial Strategies and Action Plans
(PSAPs) for the eleven priority provinces in place;
•
REDD+ Agency (Badan Pengelola REDD+; BP REDD+) established through Presidential
Regulation 62/2013, and Funding Instrument and MRV frameworks designed;
•
Legal reforms implemented in relation to land tenure, forest and peat-land
governance, forest monitoring and law enforcement, and due diligence on land
concessions;
•
Moratorium on all new concessions for conversion of peat and natural forest in
Indonesia issued (Presidential Instruction 10/2011) and extended (Presidential
Instruction 6/2013); and
•
Demonstration activities conducted in the pilot province Central Kalimantan
with a focus on developing an operational capacity and an enabling environment
for the REDD+ programme.
The Norway-Indonesia partnership has now entered an interim
phase, prior to the beginning of Phase II. The priority during this interim
phase is to make BP REDD+ fully operational in terms of Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs), human resources and institutions such as FREDDI and MRV.
This is a critical stage for both BP REDD+ and REDD+ in general in Indonesia,
as the institutions and processes set in motion now will considerably influence
and condition future outcomes. Therefore it is important to consider what
values are important to Indonesia’s REDD+ effort- and, given national and
international normative and legal frameworks, particular attention must be paid
to gender.
Gender mainstreaming in REDD+
The obligation to mainstream gender within REDD+ approaches
is clear in international and national policies and commitments. On the
international level, gender mainstreaming for REDD+ is rooted in the social and
environmental safeguards in the Cancun Agreements, particularly Decision 1
CP/16 which requests developing country Party to address gender considerations
when developing and implementing their national strategies or action plans.
Indonesia’s REDD+ National Strategy (Stranas) specifies five
principles, upon which REDD+ implementation must focus: effectiveness,
efficiency, equity, transparency and accountability. The commitment to equality
specifies ‘including for women and communities vulnerable to socio-economic and
environmental change’.
Stranas explicitly calls for a change in paradigm and
working culture to help ensure ‘gender sensitivity, through attention to
equality in roles, needs and responsibilities of men and women’. PRISAI, the
national safeguards system developed by the National REDD+ Task Force,
specifically devotes its sixth criteria to ‘full, effective and gender-equal
participation of all stakeholders’.
Context of this TOR
Integrating gender considerations into the REDD+ programme
is key to engendering a wider transformation in forest governance. Gender
mainstreaming is not merely a matter of counting the numbers of men and women
engaged in particular activities- it is about ensuring that women are
meaningfully involved and whose strategic needs are met both in terms of being
able to access and influence the design and implementation of REDD+ at the
national and sub-national level.
Gender mainstreaming is a process, not a goal in itself. The
end goal is to actually bring about a positive impact on gender equality and
women’s empowerment, through the design and implementation of gender-sensitive
policies and activities. As described above, important building blocks have
been laid for developing a robust and credible gender mainstreaming effort for
REDD+ work in Indonesia.
BP REDD+ is in a prime position to lead the way in moving
this agenda forward, and demonstrating in practice mainstreaming gender in its
own operations and in the work it conducts and influence it carries with
regards to the implementation of REDD+ activities, projects and programmes in
Indonesia.
The purpose of this assignment is to establish a baseline
for this effort and to set key processes in motion for incorporating gender
mainstreaming within the ongoing rollout of Indonesia’s REDD+ programme.
Specifically, the purpose is to assess existing and planned policies and
interventions to ensure that they fully incorporate the roles, needs,
knowledge, skills and participation of women and men; and if they do not
incorporate these aspects, suggest strategies and recommendations for doing
so.
The following key questions will inform and guide the
assignment:
•
What are the barriers to women’s full and effective participation in REDD+
governance/decision-making, and how might these be, or have these been,
overcome?
•
What are the potential positive and negative social impacts of REDD+ on
interests/rights of women in the country?
•
How is gender being addressed in forest management and REDD+- related policies
and regulations, and how could this be done more effectively?
•
How is gender being addressed in REDD+ projects in the country, and how could
this done more effectively?
SCOPE OF WORK, RESPONSIBILITIES AND DESCRIPTION OF THE
PROPOSED ANALYTICAL WORK
Under the supervision of the REDD+ Special Team Coordinator
for Operations, the incumbent:
1.
Determines baselines for gender mainstreaming in REDD+ and identifies areas to
further expand baseline knowledge:
•
Identify gender issues in land and forest management and tenure, including who
has access to and control over forest resources, assets and benefits, as well
as gender power dynamics in social, cultural economic and political spheres
relevant to REDD+;
•
Undertake a desk review of ongoing and planned gender mainstreaming policies,
projects and programs in forestry and land management sectors, implemented by
government and non-governmental entities
•
Undertake a gender review of Phase I of the Indonesia-Norway REDD+ Partnership
with particular attention to policy, project and institutional
development at a national and sub-national level;
•
Identify potential gendered impacts and opportunities posed by Phase II of the
Indonesia-Norway REDD+ Partnership;
•
Review and propose methodologies for national and project-level REDD+ efforts
in collecting sufficient data regarding the quality of participation of men and
women in REDD+ activities.
2.
Establishes and assesses targets and indicators for measuring and assessing
gender mainstreaming in REDD+ policies and institutions:
•
Assess impact frameworks for Phase II of the Indonesia-Norway REDD+
Partnership, to ensure that gender mainstreaming is reflected in planned
activities, outputs and outcomes;
•
Assess criteria and indicators for measuring progress towards gender equality
in REDD+ safeguards (PRISAI) and FPIC;
•
Establish targets and indicators to be incorporated within: BP REDD+’s SOPs,
staffing and institutional operations; Funding Instrument (FREDDI); national and
provincial MRV systems; and the REDD+ Project registry;
•
Propose ways of refining and developing the REDD+ National Strategy (Stranas)
and the Provincial Strategies and Action Plans (PSAPs) with respect to specific
gender mainstreaming commitments and targets.
3.
Proposes further interventions to facilitate progress towards gender equity,
gender equality and women’s empowerment through REDD+:
•
Based on information provided through baseline study regarding existing gender
mainstreaming, gender equity and related strategies that are being applied with
the Indonesian context, consider entry-points and strategies for
aligning/integrating with REDD+ programs/projects
•
Based on the baseline study, recommend actions to avoid negative impacts on
women and men and enhance positive impacts in and promote the gender
responsiveness of Phase II of the Indonesia-Norway REDD+ Partnership
•
Provide an analysis of potential challenges and openings for aligning gender
mainstreaming with the ongoing process of socialising and working towards the
implementation of Constitutional Court Ruling No. 35/2012;
•
Provide an analysis of potential challenges and openings for aligning gender
mainstreaming activities with ongoing and planned initiatives to address and
reduce land conflicts, within the context of national and provincial REDD+
strategies
•
Propose additions or improvements to the national safeguards system (PRISAI),
project-level safeguards systems, and other relevant legislation (including
Environmental Impact Assessments and Strategic Environmental Assessments) and
REDD+ processes to ensure gender equality considerations and women’s
empowerment concepts are effectively mainstreamed within them
•
Recommend strategies or initiatives to incorporate gender considerations within
license reviews, land tenure policy, and land gazettement processes
•
Suggest strategies for building awareness and building capacity of gender as an
issue within the context of REDD+ for a range of audiences, including
policy-makers, implementing agencies, journalists, forest users and other
communities
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPERIENCE AND QUALIFICATIONS
Education:
•
Advanced university degree (Master's degree or equivalent) in a relevant social
science discipline. A first-level university degree in combination with
qualifying experience may be accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree
•
A minimum of eight (8) years of work experience in research and policy on
gender and natural resource management
Experience:
•
Knowledge of gender theory and policy, human rights policy and law, natural
resource management, REDD+ is preferable but not essential.
•
Experience in mainstreaming gender into policies, programmes and processes
•
Detailed understanding of evolving REDD+ policies and readiness mechanisms
would be an advantage but not essential.
•
Knowledge of national and international policy on gender mainstreaming, gender
equality and human rights.
•
Strong and demonstrable research capabilities.
Language:
•
Fluency in written and spoken Indonesian and English.
Corporate Competencies:
•
Demonstrates integrity by modelling the UN's values and ethical standards;
•
Promotes the vision, mission, and strategic goals of UNDP;
•
Displays cultural, gender, religion, race, nationality and age sensitivity and
adaptability; and
•
Treats all people fairly without favouritism.
Functional Competencies:
•
Knowledge Management and Learning:
Promotes knowledge management in UNDP and a learning environment in the office
through leadership and personal example; and
Actively works towards continuing personal learning and development in one or
more practice Areas, acts on learning plans and applies newly acquired skills.
•
Development and Operational Effectiveness:
Ability to conceptualize issues and analyze data;
Ability to coordinate the work of others; and
Ability to implement new systems (business side), and affect staff
behavioral/attitudinal change.
•
Management and Leadership:
Builds strong relationships with stakeholders, focuses on impact and results
for the stakeholder and responds positively to feedback;
Consistently approaches work with energy and a positive, constructive attitude;
Demonstrates openness to change and ability to manage complexities;
Leads teams effectively and shows mentoring as well as conflict resolution
skills; and
Demonstrates strong oral and written communication skills.
Other Requirements:
•
All materials and other intellectual property produced while working under
contract including, but not limited to, documents, presentations, white papers,
photographs and other media, will remain the property of UNDP and this material
will be submitted to the incumbent’s supervisor on a regular basis.
EXPECTED RESULTS
Schedule:
No.
Deliverables
1.
Review on current issues concerning gender mainstreaming in REDD+-related
policies and activities.
31/10/2014
2.
Develop broad targets and indicators for Gender Mainstreaming in REDD+
processes.
3.
Produce guidelines for Gender Mainstreaming to be incorporated into BP REDD+’s
strategic operations.
31/12/2014
To apply for this post, please go to the following link and
download all the necessary documents:
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