Position Title
:
Formative Research on Sanitation Behaviours
Type of Contract
:
Consultancy
Location
:
Lampung and West Sumatera Provinces
Maximum working day
:
Around 3 months
Contract Duration
:
As soon as possible - 16 June 2017
Closing Date
:
07 March 2017
Term of Reference (ToR)
Formative Research on Sanitation Behaviors
in Lampung Province (Lampung Selatan and Pringsewu)
and West Sumatera (Padang Pariaman and Sijunjung)
March 2017
A. BACKGROUND
A.1. SNV
SNV is an international not-for-profit development organisation, working in
38 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. SNV specializes in
supporting the resourcefulness of development actors by developing local
capacities, improving performance and services, strengthening governance
systems, helping to create access for excluded groups and by making markets
work for the poor. Our global team of advisors use their specialist sector
and change expertise in Agriculture, Renewable Energy and WASH to facilitate
sustainable change in the livelihoods of millions of people living in
poverty.
A.2. Voice for Change (V4C) Partnership Program
Open defecation is practiced by 20% of Indonesia's population. The rate goes
up to 30% in rural areas and in some districts; it is as high as 60%. To
tackle this problem, the national Government established the STBM programme
in 2006. The STBM programme is a non-subsidized, behavior change driven,
community wide sanitation approach. It constitutes the core of the national
sanitation strategy and is to be implemented by Local Governments in all 508
districts of Indonesia. Where implemented, it has demonstrated sound and
sustainable results. However, the scale of its implementation has been
limited and so the country failed to halve open defecation and to achieve
MDG 7 in 2015. Today, still 51 million Indonesians do not have access to a
sanitation facility.
SNV is launching in 2016 a five year programme entitled Voice for Change
Partnership (V4C). The programme will be implemented in 6 countries:
Burkina-Faso, Honduras, Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda and Indonesia. In Indonesia,
one of the topics that will be addressed through the programme are Water,
Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) specifically in sanitation sector. The V4C
programme aligns with Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) of the
Indonesian governments and it will contribute for the achievement of the
national target of 100% sanitation coverage by 2019 as well as to SDG 6,
notably target 6.2 "Achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation &
hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the
needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations by 2030".
SNV Netherlands Development Organisation is starting up the V4C programme
for WASH in 4 locations in Sumatera Barat and Lampung: Padang Pariaman,
Sijunjung, Pringsewu and Lampung Selatan. Ministry of Health (MOH) leads the
program in collaboration with Bappenas, Home Affairs (MOHA), Public Works
(MPW) and Education (MOE). The V4C programme will have to provide evidence
that highlights the importance of sanitation for human, environmental and
economic development and that demonstrate the relevance and adequateness of
the STBM programme to deliver sustainable and cost-efficient results in the
above-mentioned locations.
B. OBJECTIVES
The overall objective of this formative research is to identify motivations,
ability, and opportunity of the selected sanitation behavior in the program
locations in eight sub-districts within two districts of the Lampung
Province and two districts of West Sumatera Province:
1. Sub-district Pagelaran Utara dan Sub-district Ambarawa in District
Pringsewu,Lampung Province.
2. Sub-district Sidomulyo and Sub-district Rajabasa in District Lampung
Selatan,Lampung Province.
3. Sub-district Enam Lingkung dan Sub-district Ulakan tapakis in District
Padang Pariaman,West Sumatera Province.
4. Sub-district Lubuk Tarok dan Sub-district Sumpur Kudus in District
Sijunjung,West Sumatera Province.
The intended outcome from the research is to provide information that can be
used to develop a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy that
effectively addresses the target population's obstacles and potential for
change in what concerns proper sanitation behavior. It should also
contribute to identify the best channels and relevant stakeholders to be
involved in the strategy.
The specific objectives of the formative research are as follows:
1. To comprehensibly identify the determinants of selected sanitation
behavior for the target group in terms of opportunity, ability and
motivations (and inhibiting factors)
2. Identify the potential areas for behavior change communication
strategies to be developed
The report should cover comprehensive and well-structured analysis of the
target behavior for the target population using the SANIFOAM framework that
analyses the behavior determinants in terms of opportunities, abilities and
motivations disaggregated by gender; Prioritization of the behavioral
determinants to enable behavior change communication objectives to be
developed for sustained outcomes; and Finalized and tested research tools
and protocol.
All document prepared should be in Bahasa, with report summary of 2 pages in
English. For discussion/dissemination purpose, a presentation in PowerPoint
should be prepared in English and Bahasa.
C. METHODOLOGY
The formative research will need to use the SANIFOAM framework as a means of
organizing and analyzing the behavioral determinants as represented below.
Behavioral determinants are the factors that can facilitate or inhibit a
behavior of interest among a certain population. For sanitation, these
determinants can be internal (such as beliefs about feces) or external (such
as sanctions for open defecation). Tools and data collection approaches will
need to be selected and tailored accordingly.
Broadly speaking these relate to:
Opportunity: Institutional or structural factors that influence an
individual's chance to perform a behavior. Determinants within Opportunity
include: access/ availability, product attributes, social norms and
sanctions/enforcement.
The key question here is does the individual have the chance to perform the
behavior?
Ability: An individual's skills and proficiency to perform a behavior.
Determinants within Ability include: knowledge, skills & self-efficacy,
social support, roles & decisions and affordability.
The key question here is the individual capable of performing it.
Motivation: The drive, wishes, urges, or desires that influence an
individual to perform a behavior. Determinants within motivation include:
attitudes and beliefs, values, emotional/physical/social drivers, competing
priorities, intention and willingness to pay.
The key question here is does the individual want to perform the behavior?
Figure 1: SaniFOAM Framework
In addition to developing the research questions, the consultant should
expect to undertake desk research, focus group discussions and
semi-structured interviews with key actors. The consultant is strongly
advised to build on existing data and tools where possible. The key actors
targeted are: community, and local government (district, sub-district and
village level).
The consultant will be required to develop a research protocol which details
the methodology, hypothesis and tools to be employed at each stage of the
research.
D. TIMEFRAME
It is expected that a contract will be signed by March 2017, with work
commencing in 2nd week of March 2017. After receiving comments from SNV,
final versions of the report and the data should be delivered by end of May
2017.
E. DELIVERABLES
The consultant are expected to deliver 2 reports (one for West Sumatera and
one for Lampung) that meet the following conditions:
1. An executive summary (in English)
2. A methodological chapter describing the conceptual approach used,
methods and tools, as well as steps taken in conducting the research,
challenges and limitations of the findings
3. Opportunities, abilities and motivations of the populations of the
selected districts to perform the desired sanitation and hygiene behaviors
clearly identified, explained and contextualized
4. Recommendations for addressing the behavior constraints/explore
opportunities identified in point 3
5. In annex: research tools, field work logbook (listing number and
location of FGDS and KII, and number of participants in FGDs and KII,
distinguishing male/female)
F. QUALIFICATIONS
The consultant should be a highly experienced professionals in the field of
behavioral science, preferably with a focus on public health, sanitation and
hygiene.
The consultant should have experience in leading and facilitating
participatory formative research, must be fluent in Bahasa Indonesia and
able to write reports in English.
G. Duration of The Contract
It is expected that the contract is starting from 13 March 2017 through to
16 June 2017
H. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT
The consultant will report to the Technical Project Officer Advocacy WASH
and CSOs partner in project location, under the supervision of the V4C
programme manager.
I. Application Process
SNV's General Terms and Conditions guide this TOR. The proposed experts for
undertaking assignment cannot be changed during the study period without
prior approval of SNV. The proposal should include:
1. A draft research protocol (of no more than 2 pages)
2. Complete proposal of the research, which is inform:
- Research Timeline
- Team member and qualification
- Budget proposal
- Terms of payment service
Applicants should send application to SNV Procurement (email:
<mailto:procurement.snv@gmail.
Putranto (email: <mailto:cputranto@snvworld.org
March 7th 2017 at the latest with subject: "SANIFOAM Research".
## Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted ##
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