A.1. SNV
SNV is a not-for-profit international development organization. Founded
in the Netherlands 50 years ago, we have built a long-term, local presence in
39 of the poorest countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Our global team
of local and international advisors works with local partners to equip communities,
businesses and organizations with the tools, knowledge and connections they
need to increase their incomes and gain access to basic services – empowering
them to break the cycle of poverty and guide their own development.
SNV
supports local organizations (state and non-state), mostly at the provincial
and district level, through a combination of advisory, knowledge brokering and
advocacy services with a focus on working at scale. Water, Sanitation and
Hygiene (WASH) is one of three key sectors that SNV invests in to contribute towards
pro-poor development, through improved access to basic services and production,
income and employment.
A.2.
Supporting STBM in Lampung Program
SNV recognizes the enormous economic and social potential of improving
sanitation and hygiene in Indonesia. Benefits include improved health, reduced
risk of disease and increased productivity and income for millions of families.
Despite the country’s rapid economic progress, 100 million people don’t have access to a clean,
working toilet and over 15% of deaths in children under five are from
diarrhoea. Acknowledging that access to improved sanitation is a basic
human right, the government of Indonesia is working towards the United Nations
Millennium Development goals through its National Strategy for
Community-based Total Sanitation (STBM) program
to improve sanitation and hygiene coverage in rural areas from 38.5% to 55.5%
by 2015. STBM promotes community-wide achievement of five key
pillars in hygiene behaviour: to stop open defecation; to wash hands with soap; to safely handle drinking water and
food; and to safely manage both solid
and domestic liquid waste.
SNV’s strategy is not to re-invent the wheel, but to assist and work
with the Government to implement STBM in targeted high needs areas where we can
provide the most impact. A key learning from our experience working
on WASH programs in more than 22 countries is the need to embed demand creation
and sanitation marketing in longer-term processes that develop sustainable
service delivery models at scale.
Our
Sustainable Sanitation & Hygiene for All (SSH4A) capacity building approach
will be used to support local government in rural areas to lead and accelerate
progress towards district-wide sanitation coverage with a focus on
institutional sustainability and learning. The integrated model will combine
demand creation, sanitation supply chain strengthening, hygiene behavioral
change communication (BCC) and governance.
With funding from the Netherlands
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the overall goal of the project ‘Supporting STMB
in Lampung Province’ is to build
local implementation capacity by developing and consolidating the service
delivery model through on-the-job training, coaching, and structured learning
to improve sanitation service delivery.
By working closely with local government at a provincial, district and
sub-district level, the Project aims to strengthen individual and organizational
performance by defining roles and responsibilities more clearly building both government and private sector
capacity, which will extend to civil and grass-roots
organisations. The project aims to improve the health and quality of life for
154,000 people living in the districts of Lampung Selatan, Tanggamus and
Pringsewu. All are in the Province of Lampung.
B. OBJECTIVES
The overall
objective of this formative research is to identify motivations, ability, and
opportunity of the selected sanitation behaviour in the program locations in
five sub-districts within three districts of the Lampung Province:
1.
Sub-district Pagelaran in District Pringsewu
2.
Sub-district Candipuro and Sub-district
Tanjungsari in District Lampung Selatan
3.
Sub-district Bulok and Sub-district Gunung Alip
in District Tanggamus
The intended
outcome from the research is to provide information that can be used to develop
a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy that effectively addresses the target
population’s obstacles and potential for change in what concerns proper
sanitation behavior. It should also contribute to identify the best channels
and relevant stakeholders to be involved in the strategy.
The specific
objectives of the formative research are as follows:
1.
To comprehensibly identify the determinants of
selected sanitation behavior for the target group in terms of opportunity,
ability and motivations (and inhibiting factors).
2.
Identify the potential areas for behavior
change communication strategies to be developed.
The objectives
of the program’s BCC component as a whole are:
1.
To enable the target population to acquire the
ability to practice the selected focus behavior.
2.
To motivate adoption of the selected focus
behavior, drawing upon the specific driving factors of change in the target population,
not just health.
3.
To develop a hygiene behavior change
communication strategy based on formative research to ensure sustainability of
behaviors.
C. METHODOLOGY
The
formative research will need to use the SaniFOAM framework as a means of
organizing and analyzing the behavioral determinants as represented below.
Behavioral determinants are the factors that can facilitate or inhibit a behavior
of interest among a certain population. For sanitation, these determinants can
be internal (such as beliefs about feces) or external (such as sanctions for
open defecation). Tools and data collection approaches will need to be selected
and tailored accordingly to address research hypothesis developed with the
health staff and program for each of the behavioral determinants relating to
Opportunity, Ability and Motivation.
Broadly
speaking these relate to:
Opportunity: Institutional or structural factors that influence an individual’s
chance to perform a behavior. Determinants within Opportunity include: access/ availability,
product attributes, social norms and sanctions/enforcement.
The key question here is does the individual have the chance to perform
the behavior?
Ability: An individual’s skills and proficiency to perform a behavior.
Determinants within Ability include: knowledge, skills & self-efficacy,
social support, roles & decisions and affordability.
The key question here is the individual capable of performing it?
Motivation: The drive, wishes, urges, or desires that influence an individual to
perform a behavior. Determinants within motivation include: attitudes and
beliefs, values, emotional/physical/social drivers, competing priorities,
intention and willingness to pay.
The key question here is does the individual want to perform the behavior?
In
addition to developing the research questions with the partners the consultant
should expect to undertake desk research, focus group discussions and
semi-structured interviews with key actors. The consultant is strongly advised
to build on existing data and tools where possible.
In
parallel, a supply chain study will be conducted which aims to provide a
comprehensive analysis of the current sanitation supply chain and the
environment in which it operates and includes research of consumer needs and
preferences. The intention is that these two pieces of research complement each
other.
The
consultant will be required to develop a research protocol which details the
methodology, hypothesis and tools to be employed at each stage of the research,
including their relation to the target group.
D. DELIVERABLES
The
consultant is expected to submit to SNV the following deliverables:
1.
Detailed research protocol - setting out data
collection methodology, design, plan, ethics, data management and accompanying
set of draft tools
2.
Draft formative research report in English of
no more than 35 pages long excluding comprehensive annexes.
3.
PowerPoint presentation of the research report
to be shared with program’s stakeholders to validate and complement research
results
4.
Finalized formative research report and revised
tools in English of no more than 35 pages long for the report excluding
comprehensive annexes (with tools) within seven days of receiving comments.
The
report should cover comprehensive and well structured analysis of the target
behavior for the target population using the SANIFOAM framework that analyses
the behavior determinants in terms of opportunities, abilities and motivations disaggregated
by gender; Prioritization of the behavioral determinants to enable behavior
change communication objectives to be developed for sustained outcomes; and
Finalized and tested research tools and protocol
E. RESPONSIBILITIES
E.1 SNV
1.
Give advice on the study set up and design
(particularly the research protocol), and provide feedback as required
2.
Responsible for the recruitment and associated
costs of any required back up stuff
3.
Pay the consultancy fee and costs related to
the study (within the budget to be agreed upon by SNV and the research team)
4.
Assist with arranging visits and meetings,
recruiting back up personnel, logistical support and the final debriefing of
stakeholders
5.
Provide other input and assistance as
appropriate
E.2
Consultant
1.
Lead the study, including design,
implementation, report writing, presentation to stakeholders for validation and
finalization within the timeframe specified above.
2.
Involve SNV, Local Government (LG) partners and
district partners in the study design and process including facilitating a one
day workshop to develop the research hypothesis associated with the
determinants
3.
Present key study findings to SNV and other
stakeholders.
F. TIMEFRAME
The maximum
number of days available is 30 days, started 1 December 2014 through to 10 January 2015, to do the following:
1.
Draft research protocol and tools
2.
Participatory workshop to develop hypothesis
with SNV and LG partners (if required)
3.
Refine research tools following workshop
4.
Data collection including travel to
districts and community sites
5.
Data processing and draft report writing
6.
Presentation of the research results to SNV
staff and WASH program stakeholders
7.
Validation and final report writing
G. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT
The
consultant will report to the Program Leader Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene
for All in Lampung and will work closely with the WASH Sector Leader and the
Rural WASH team.
Payment will
be made in IDR to the agreed account on the successful completion of the
assignment
H. QUALIFICATIONS
The
consultant should be a highly experienced professional in the field of
communication for development and/ or behavioral science, preferably with a
focus on public health, sanitation and hygiene.
The
consultant should have experience in leading and facilitating formative
research, must be fluent in Bahasa Indonesia and able to write reports in
English.
I. APPLICATION
PROCESS
Please send application
letter and proposal directly addressing the candidate profile and CV (in
English) to cdameria@snvworld.org
by 21
November 2014 with subject: “Formative
Research – Sanitation of Community in Lampung”.
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